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名詞性從句的用法歸納總結(名詞性從句)
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在復合句中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞性從句(Noun Clauses)。名詞性從句的功能相當于名詞或名詞詞組, 它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等,因此根據它在句中不同的語法功能,名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。
名詞性從句在功能上相當于名詞
His job is important.
主語{
What he does is important.
This is his job.
表語{
This is what he does every day.
I don’t like his job.
賓語{
I don’t like what he does every day.
I don’t know about the man, Mr. White.
同位語{
I don’t know about the fact that he is a teacher.
Subject Clause(主語從句)
1 That he will succeed is certain.
2 Whether he will go there is not known.
3 What he said is not true.
4 Where he hid the money is to be found out .
5 Whoever comes is welcome.
6 How we can help the twins will be discussed
at the meeting.
7 When they’ll start the project has not been
decided yet.
形式主語
“It” is used as empty subject.
為避免主語冗長,句子頭重腳輕,經常用it作形式主語,主語從句放在后面作真正的主語。
1. It is certain that he will succeed.
2. It is not known whether he will go
there.
3. It has not been decided yet when
they’ll start the project.
在下列句型中常使用that引導主語從句:
It’s likely / possible / important / necessary / clear that… 很可能/重要的是……/必要的是……/很清楚……
It’s said / reported that… 據說/據報道……
It seems / appears / happens that… 似乎/好像/碰巧......
It’s been announced / declared that…
已經通知/宣布……
It’s no wonder that… 并不奇怪/無疑……
It’s a pity / a fact / common knowledge (眾所周知)/ a common saying (俗話說) that…
It’s likely / possible / important / necessary / clear that… 很可能/重要的是……/必要的是……/很清楚……
It’s said / reported that… 據說/據報道……
It seems / appears / happens that… 似乎/好像/碰巧......
It’s been announced / declared that…
已經通知/宣布……
It’s no wonder that… 并不奇怪/無疑……
It’s a pity / a fact / common knowledge (眾所周知)/ a common saying (俗話說) that…
引導名詞性從句的關聯詞:
I don’t doubt (that) you will succeed.
I don’t know whether/if he will come tonight.
I doubt if /whether you will keep your promise.
3個句子中的連詞that, whether, if (是否)在名詞性從句中只起連接作用,在句中不擔任成分,被稱為連接詞。
注意: A. that 本身無意義,在賓語從句中可以省略,但在別的三種名詞性從句中不可以省略。B. whether 和if有是否的意義,在賓語從句中二者通常可以互換。但whether 可以用于所有的四種名詞性從句,而if 僅可以用于賓語從句。
名詞性從句:
一、名詞性從句的語序
(1) 名詞性從句構成有兩種
a. That + 陳述句
That light travels in straight lines is known to all.
b. 疑問詞+句子的剩余成分
This is what we are looking for.
(2) 疑問詞引導的名詞性從句要求使用陳述
句語序,不能用一般疑問句語序。
他是怎么成功的仍然是個謎。
How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( F ) How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( T )
你能告訴我他住在什么地方嗎?
Could you tell me where he lives? ( T )Could you tell me where does he live? ( F )
二、名詞性從句連接詞的選用:
(1) that 和what 的選用
that 和 what 都可引導所有的名詞性從句。但是,what除起連接作用外,還在名詞性從句中充當成分,可作從句的主語、賓語、或表語。而that在名詞性從句中不充當任何成分,只起連接作用。
(2)if 和whether的選用:
不能使用if 的情況:
a. 主語從句 b. 表語從句 c. 同位語從句 d. 介詞后的賓語從句 e. whether to do 做動詞賓語不能用if to do. f. 與 or not 連在一起引導賓語從句時不用if.
其它連接代詞和副詞的使用:
主要根據名詞性從句中的具體意義,正確的選擇 who, which, when, where, why, how 等連接詞,這些連接詞既具有疑問含義,又起連接作用,同時在從句中充當各種成分。
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